Ancient Egypts 1st Intermediate Period

Ancient Egypt's 1st Intermediate Period The 1st Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt began when the Old Kingdoms centralized monarchy grew weak as provincial rulers called nomarchs became powerful, and ended when the Theban monarch gained control of all Egypt. Dates of the 1st Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt 2160-2055 B.C. Herakleopolitan: 9th 10th Dynasties: 2160-2025Theban: 11th Dynasty: 2125-2055 The Old Kingdom is described as ending with the longest-reigning pharaoh in Egyptian history, Pepy II. After him, building projects in the cemeteries around the capital of Memphis stopped. Building resumed at the end of the 1st Intermediate Period, with Menhotep II at Deir el-Bahri in western Thebes. Characterization of the 1st Intermediate Period Egyptian intermediate periods are times when the centralized government weakened and rivals claimed the throne. The 1st Intermediate Period is often characterized as chaotic and miserable, with degraded art- a dark age. Barbara Bell* hypothesized that the 1st Intermediate period was brought about by a prolonged failure of the annual Nile floods, leading to famine and collapse of the monarchy. But it was not necessarily a dark age, even though there are bragging inscriptions about how local rulers were able to provide for their people in the face of great adversity. There is evidence of thriving culture and the development of towns. Non-royal people gained in status. Pottery changed shape to a more efficient use of the pottery wheel. The 1st Intermediate Period was also the setting for later philosophical texts. Burial Innovations During the 1st Intermediate Period, cartonnage was developed. Cartonnage is the word for the gypsum and linen colored mask that covered the face of a mummy. Earlier, only the elite had been buried with specialized funerary goods. During the 1st Intermediate Period, more people were buried with such specialized products. This indicates that the provincial areas could afford non-functional craftsmen, something that only the pharaonic capital had done before. Competing Kings Not much is known about the early part of the 1st Intermediate Period. By the second half of it, there were two competing nomes with their own monarchs. The Theban king, King Mentuhotep II, defeated his unknown Herakleapolitan rival in about 2040, putting an end to the 1st Intermediate Period. Herakleapolis Herakleopolis Magna or Nennisut, on the southern edge of the Faiyum, became the capital of area of the Delta and central Egypt. Manetho says the Herakleapolitan dynasty was founded by Khety. It may have had 18-19 kings. One of the last kings, Merykara, (c. 2025) was buried at the necropolis at Saqqara which is connected with the Old Kingdom kings ruling from Memphis. First Intermediate Period private monuments feature the civil war with Thebes. Thebes Thebes was the capital of southern Egypt. The ancestor of the Theban dynasty is Intef, a nomarch who was important enough to be inscribed on the walls of Thutmose IIIs chapel of royal ancestors. His brother, Intef II ruled for 50 years (2112-2063). Thebes developed a type of tomb known as a rock-tomb (saff-tomb) at the necropolis at el-Tarif. Sources: Bell, Barbara. The Dark Ages in Ancient History. I. The First Dark Age in Ancient Egypt. AJA 75:1-26.The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. by Ian Shaw. OUP 2000.

Midterm (R) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Midterm (R) - Essay Example The basic purpose of geographical value judgment is the implication of qualitative thinking to handle future geographical events. It is necessary for students to predict future events and have a clear view of what geographical events could occur in the future. Centripetal and centrifugal forces act in opposition to each other with centripetal force pulling creating a state of stability and centrifugal force destabilizing the state. The centripetal force binds the citizens together by creating this state of stability. The basic aim of nationalism is to promote and create cohesion in the state by creating allegiance and accepting the goals. Nationalism brings the people of a country and a nation together whereas getting true nation is rare in this world e.g. the national Canadian railway is a symbol of nationalism in the country. Also, we can say that institutions on small scale create a sense of unity in the nation by teachings of cohesion and commission. The promotion of social welfare and development of a nation’s culture is their responsibility. For a nation to be united, it should have one language. Different languages spoken by the people of one nation keep them from communicating with each other and create a sense of unrest in the community. This communication barrier may cause misunderstandings and raise conflicts which would lead to civil unrest and disruption of peace e.g. Quebec and Francophone are still fighting for their independence from Canada because of civil unrests due to different dialects and languages. Religion on the other hand is an important factor to create unity and allegiance in a nation. We can also say that different religions in a same country can lead to a state of competition and cause destabilization in the country. In the time of USSR, politicians worked in favor atheism to remove religion as a factor which might lead to disruption of peace and violence in the country

Country Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Country Research - Essay Example Amaterasu is considered their chief deity with the emperor and empress as the successors who must lead ceremonies for the welfare of the people. Buddhism is another main religion practiced by many Japanese. Buddhism set the standard where salvation is achieved when believers give up their worldly desires and without too much thought of themselves. Japanese likewise have faith in myths. They claim that Izanami, the female goddess retired into the underworld as a result of the birth of god of Fire. Izanagi, the male god created the storm god, Susano. The myth of the tallest mountain is yet another that they maintain. Mount Fuji became the highest mountain in Japan because she destroyed Mount Haku after it was known that it has the tallest peak (Piggot, 1969). Interestingly, there are many rituals practiced by Japanese. Family ritual practices involve bathing themselves in a small square tub. The tub is used by every member of the family where it requires scrubbing and soaping outside t he tub before dipping. Bowing when meeting someone and departing them is observed to show respect. When entering a house, outside shoes should be removed as a sign of cleanliness. Family eats with chopstick and talking is restricted.

Why Read Through The Howard Golden Papers?

Why Read Through The Howard Golden Papers?If you're going to be taking a history class at Brooklyn College, chances are you'll read through the Howard Golden Papers. These papers are a collection of correspondence, as well as related papers, that were sent by Mr. Golden to his agent and later his publisher. Some of the best-known authors that have ever written, Mr. Golden was also among them. These papers chronicle what he wrote about in all those books.This is especially true in history classes, where many people who have signed big-time writers are included in the lists of those who wrote during their day. These writers are usually included because they made it big by starting a career in publishing houses. One of the names you may know of are Ayn Rand, John Steinbeck, Hemingway, Thomas Pynchon, and many more.The reason for this is because Mr. Golden worked for a very famous publishing house, Alfred A. Knopf. His first book of fiction was actually published after he finished his te nure there. When he was hired, his job description didn't require him to write novels. This is due to the fact that the publishing house is one of the most well-known in the world.These are usually classified as writing, which includes similar tasks like editing, proofreading, and many more. They don't need to do any kind of creative work. This includes adapting scripts, storyboarding, acting, directing, screenwriting, and so much more.As a matter of fact, the reasons why Mr. Golden was hired are probably of utmost importance. For one, he had previously worked on the history of the United States, as well as many other countries. Additionally, he has published several short stories that could be considered novels, among them 'The Donkey'Penny Dreadful.' Not to mention his books.His previous work with Alfred A. Knopf is a really great case, because he was involved in the same publishing house that James Patterson works with. It's quite possible that Mr. Golden wrote the history of the United States in order to make sure that he would get to work with them.However, even though these pieces are all literary creations, they aren't published, because there is no space for them in publishing houses. Of course, these are the same publishers who publish Hemingway and Steinbeck, among many others. The reason why these works are left unpublished is simple: there isn't enough space for it. That's why you'll read through the Howard Golden Papers.

What You Dont Know About Why I Enrolled Back into College Essay

What You Don't Know About Why I Enrolled Back into College Essay The Little-Known Secrets to Why I Enrolled Back into College Essay Ironically, in addition, it gave them the opportunity to make the capital required to send me to the country's capital to study. As an example, saying you wish to visit a school because it's a research university in a large city isn't a really compelling reason by itself. In the end, you would like to solidify the relation to the school by citing specific opportunities they can provide. In terms of challenges, there may be many. Unfortunately, a lot of people find themselves retiring earlier than predicted. It means launching another career. Learn motivational skills from your instructors and classmates which could be used in the work marketplace. A college education is essential because it gives a wide selection of job opportunities and a larger earning potential. If you own a possiblity to attend an early college, do it. Talk about your ve ry first trip to the college and impressions you've got. Attending college is well worth it. If you've got one specific university in mind, then do it. Over the last ten years, the amount of college tuition has risen high enough to the point where most families can't afford it or are not ready to take out a tremendous chunk of their savings to cover it, especially those who have low income. Many older individuals simply burn out after several years in a specific industry. The next thing to do is to supply a payment. Colleges care about the quantities of acceptances deeply, so it can help to understand you're a sure thing. Things You Should Know About Why I Enrolled Back into College Essay Workers feel as they have a feeling of identity. Exchanging knowledge, suggestions and skills supply another amount of education. Students later learn to present themselves in a respectful fashion and prevent profanation to unique beliefs than their own. Ultimately, you would like to be sure this essay complements the remainder of your application by reaffirming your core strengths and passions. For example, say you really need the opportunity to learn from the world-famous Professor X. Some individuals even find full scholarships. It s supposed to change you in better person. In addition, some students simply have zero idea what they would like to study and don't wish to waste thousands of dollars on a big simply to discover they hate it. The Unexpected Truth About Why I Enrolled Back into College Essay By way of example, a why us essay might speak about how very interesting XYZ interdisciplinary project is and the way it fits nicely with your senior project. The essay is freely available to assist you write your very own similar essay. Your essay should be unique to you. Should you do, your essay or answer is going to be truncated. There's perhaps no greater way to acquire your readers to finish reading your private statement than to make them guess wha t it is that you're writing about through the element of mystery. A lot of people make the error of writing an introductory paragraph that explains what they are likely to speak about in the remaining portion of the essay. For instance, narrating a sequence of thoughts you might have had about a specific issue or experience provides the reader a chance to learn how you believe. Therefore, it is reasonable break your discussion into three distinct components. Why I Enrolled Back into College Essay Ideas Together with a gain in happiness, acquiring a post-high school degree may also boost an individual's drive to participate in society. Once choosing the choice to attend college, remaining in college is the most crucial decision a student can make, to be able to avoid living a below average way of life. Most higher paying jobs require that you've got a degree linked to your field of choice. Along with more job security, obtaining a college education gives job satisfaction. Se cond, that you'll be a superior fit for the institution. It's just easier for those who have a college degree to get right ahead and explore their career choices. There is lots of discussion out there that smaller private institutions, generally rural liberal arts institutions, are unable to offer the same sort of financial aid packages that very huge institutions with very huge endowments can provide,'' DeWitt explained. Despite its high expenses, college is quite a bit more than simply earning a degree. Why I Enrolled Back into College Essay Features My mother recently made a decision to return to college this past calendar year. Make sure that you are being specific. A lot of people attend college simply to party as much as possible. My mom would like in order to manage my grandmother so she can enjoy her last years with joy and not with worry. There has been quite a bit of talk lately about whether it's worth getting a four year college degree. Simply take those who've been in the military for many years. A couple with a sole breadwinner could purchase a house, raise a family members and send their children to college. A person who attends college knows that it's a lot tougher than high school and it helps one grow as someone. Of cause, there are a number of obvious reasons like a job and a chance for additional learning. Make certain you can back up whatever you write about in the remainder of your application, as doing so will help prove that going into the health care field is something which you have thought about for a lengthy moment. Just take the opportunity to relish learning what you are really passionate about. My time is going to have the restraints of creating a living, and I might have a wife and family by that moment.

The Debate Over Research Paper Topics for Performing Arts

The Debate Over Research Paper Topics for Performing Arts Research Paper Topics for Performing Arts - the Conspiracy All students ought to be asked to volunteer locally. They should be required to take a shop or practical arts class. They should be required to take a cooking class. They should be required to take a performing arts class. Grades ought to be abolished. Parents ought to be permitted to pick their child's gender. Research Paper Topics for Performing Arts Can Be Fun for Everyone There isn't enough exposure so that individuals can comprehend the improving of fine arts. After all, many folks feel this in art, the same as in history and literature, an individual can write virtually anything and say it is his private vision, however incongruous it is. Explore the function of the WTO in freeing the world trade during the past ten decades. The impact of age on the operation of athletes. Visual appeal of contemporary French art doesn't reach the degree of French impressionists. 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When you are requested to do a research paper for a class there's a natural inclination to write on a work you have read and discussed recently. The Internet needs to be banned from schools. The prevalence of Internet news increases the quantity of people who require the Internet more in general. Those who share music online should be placed in jail. Music choice and relevant stereotypes. The Research Paper Topics for Performing Arts Game Arts traditionally played a crucial role in the life span of the human society. Education is the secret to future success. Fast food shouldn't be served in schools. Junk food ought to be banned from schools. Finding Research Paper Topics for Performing Arts Previously, theatre was among the few free time activities for lots of individuals. Theater is thought to be an energy as it's a calculated act from beginning to finish. Inside my opinion, the art of theater is among the most empowering facets in ones life. Every home needs to have a robot. Appropriate art research paper involves doing analysis according to pre-determined techniques, sufficient background knowledge in the topics you're supposed to cover and strong comprehension of formatting principles utilized in works of this type. If you may have such wants, then you need to not be worried since you're in the proper place because we have the term paper format example that may help you. As it is you who decides the subject of the paper, you can choose it to be written on the same topic you're supposed to be writing about and within this case your order can be regarded as a source of reliable information regarding the subject. Read your outline and synthesize the info into a whole. The Research Paper Topics for Performing Arts Game This writing company makes sure their papers are all the fantastic quality and all the customers are pleased. The government should offer wireless service for everybody. 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The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman Essay Example for Free

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman Essay 1st chapter reflections: This chapter which introduced me to Lia’s family was interesting. I was shocked to read that in her mother’s country of Laos, Lia would have been born by her mother squatting on the floor! They also used special created remedies to solve health issues without relying on hospitals or clinics. It was also interesting to read how important the Hmong people believed in sprits and how their life decisions where decided around the sprit actions. For example, they believed that male sprit’s held up their house roof, if the male’s placenta was buried near the central pillar of the house. Lia was even blessed by the elders because her parents believed that it was a way of protecting her from ever getting sick. If anything, reading this chapter quickly gave me a quick preview of the clash that Lia’s cultural beliefs will have with the American doctors when she gets sick in the future chapters. However, I’m hoping that this book will pick up a little faster and have less history moving forward (being honest lol) 2nd chapter reflections: This chapter started in a class at college; it continued to explain how a Hmong student spent extra time on his speech to talk about how people make fish soup in his culture. Once I finished the first page in this chapter, I understood that the young man was trying to explain to his class that we as humans should be more careful about how we select our foods because we are all connected in different ways. However, I didn’t pick up whether his class was interested after he was done with his speech. This chapter preceded to dig deeper into the Hmong history by detailing their live in north China; N. China was were the Hmong people was subjected to wars, because they did not like to be told what to do or how to behave as a people. However, the Chinese did not like the Hmong people and called them degrading names because they wanted to overrule them. In response to this, the Hmong had to migrate many time and the Chinese finally applied enough pressure to overtake them. Even with the takeover, the Hmong people refused to show any respect to the Chinese emperor. Besides all of this history, I have yet to see how this will tie into Lia’s future health issue. 3rd chapter reflections: This chapter starts to now focus on Lia and detail her first epileptic seizure that started when she was three months old. It was interesting to read that Lia’s parents blamed her seizure on their older daughter slamming the apartment’s front door. They believed that the front door slamming caused Lia’s soul to become frightened and lost from Lia’s body which triggered the seizure. I soon realized the book’s title â€Å"The spirit catches you and you fall down† is associated with the word epilepsy. It was also interesting to read that Lia’s parents saw her illness as a high distinction and a sign that Lia will grow up to heave a healing sprit within her. It was sad to read that Lia had over twenty seizures before her parents became scared enough to take her to an emergency room at MCMC. At first this hospital had a hard time communicating with Lia’s parents because they only had a few interpreters and the doctors quickly concluded that Lia’s illness was because her parents were giving her veterinary medicine. The doctor’s conclusion was heighted when the baby came to the hospital twice coughing badly and showing signs of pneumonia during which the doctors prescribed antibiotics. Lia was seen the third time by chance with a visiting doctor named Dan Murphy and during this visit he wrote a report that stated he did not feel that her parents were not that frightened. Dr. Murphy and his wife quickly became interested in the Hmong people and worked on reviewing Lia previous documented visits.  This chapter showed how cultures seen Lia’s illness differently; the American doctors wanted to give medication to cu re or control the issue, while her parents thought it meant something special. 4th chapter reflections: This chapter showed how the Hmong people viewed the American medical system because they did not understand why certain doctor procedures such as blood drawing had to be done. It was funny to read that they asked one Hmong women that returned to Laos about why American doctors ate people livers, kidneys, and brains! If anything, I read and understood that there was a HUGE difference between how American and Hmong people saw medical. The Hmong people believed that doctors done nothing but made people worse by invading their body sprits with all the test and medication. 5th chapter reflections: This chapter returned to Lia’s illness and explained that she was sent to the hospital seventeen times before he was even five years old! It was sad for me to read how worse the illness was getting and how Lia started to become aware of when she was about to experience one. This chapter also highlighted the fact that doctors believed that her obesity contributed to her epilepsy events and it made her intravenous access difficult. However, her parents focused on making Lia fat because they believed that this showed that a child was healthy and extremely taken care of. The hospital staff was also upset because Lia’s parents would move her in the hospital bed when they were previously requested not to for health reasons. The relationship between Lia’s parents worsen because the doctors felt that her parents were not giving her the proper needed medication and felt that they were part of the reason why Lia’s health continued to decline. After many attempts to get the parents on board, to give medication, Lia was placed in a foster care. This chapter was heartbreaking for me because I felt and understood both sides that wanted to care for Lia. 6th chapter reflections: This chapter explained in detail about how the Hmong people living in camps, shared horrible news about living in America and dealing with the medical system. In my opinion, this chapter confirmed how bad the cultural differences split people apart from seeing a common ground and added stress on her US healthcare system because Hmong people only came into the ER when they were gravely ill and not for prevention. 7th chapter reflections: This chapter explained how much of a power trip people had when it came to offering the best option for Lia’s health. It was noted that Lia did not do well in a great foster home and her developmental skills decreased more as she stayed. Her seizures also increased and the only time she started to show so signs of improvement was when she admitted to a hospital in Turlock where the people she was staying with lived. Receiving care in Turlock casued a decrease her medication requirements and her allowed her to return home. However, I felt that if anything, everyone involved in her health care was guessing and using Lia as a test dummy at her expense. 8th chapter reflections: This chapter was interesting because I was surprised to read that the doctors at the MCMC told the author not to look into Lia’s case because her parents were not friendly. I also thought that the hospital was trying to protect themselves by keep the author in the dark about certain information regarding the handling of Lia’s health. For example, the hospital kept a close eye by setting up a community meeting with the author and the Hmong people through their own nurse’s aide (who also was Hmong). If my opinion, the author was doomed to begin with because the Hmong people resented the MCMC and any staff that communicated with them. This is why I believe that the author had such a hard time during this meeting with them and a more welcoming one when she went and was introduced by Ms. Waller. This meeting is where the Hmong people opened up and tried to explain their culture to her without bring angry. This chapter proved that being from a different culture is fine ; people not respecting other cultures besides their own is what causes these deep miscommunications. 9th chapter reflections: This chapter was sad. I thought that Lia’s health was going to continue to improve after the doctor mentioned that the parents were giving her the correct medicine. However, I wasn’t surprised that the Lee’s thought that the doctor’s took Lia because they were angry at them. I was shocked to read that she fell off the swing and went back into having bad seizures. I dont think I would have allowed my child to even be on one if he or she had health issues like Lia. Sad to think that her parents thought that their child’s troubles were over and that she was going to live a productive and happy life up until this fall. Like everyone else in this chapter, after the tubes and everything, I also saw death coming later on. I’m just hoping that she doesn’t suffer. 10th chapter reflections: Ok. This is (again) is one of the things I did not enjoy about the book. I dont understand why this extensive history about the Hmong people and Vietman/ American war has anything to do with the previous chapter on Lia’s health condition. Only thing I learned from this chapter was that the Hmong people really resented the American culture which includes why the Lees has trouble trusting the doctors treating Lia. 11th chapter reflections: This chapter was the saddest part of the book that I have read thus far. I had to stop midway through the pages because it reminded me so much of my mother’s last struggle when lung cancer ( I cried reading this). I felt every page of this chapter because Lia’s parents and everyone else that loved her wanted to try everything instead of allowing her to pass peacefully. I also can relate to how Lia parents were treated in the hospital because I was in their position where I did not understand what was going on with my mom†¦ but the doctors were pressuring me to turn off her breathing machine. I noticed that Lia’s parents got to a point where they did not care that there were â€Å"issues† between them and the American staff†¦ they just wanted their child saved.. I felt the same way during my mother’s last rush to the ER because she couldn’t breathe. This girl wasn’t going to have a long happy life and I’m hoping she did n’t suffer because of everyone else stubbornness! 12th chapter reflections: Another history chapter and after the previous chapter, I was drained. I understand that hardship that this culture had to endure and I hope that our entire health care system has learned from this little girl’s mistreatment amongst all parties involved. 13th chapter reflections: So I started reading this chapter believing that Lia was going home from the hospital in Fresno. I was surprised to read that she was sent back to the MCMC and placed in the pediatric unit. In my opinion, there was nothing left they could do that would not require the poor child to suffer. I wasn’t shocked to read that Lia’s father tried to steal his child out of the hospital; the attitudes of the hospitals staff, nurses, and Lia’s parents were so negative that this craziness was bound to happen. Sadly, even with the little girl not functioning, the doctors and her parents enter another struggle to control the fate of Lia. Even though the doctors said she would die soon after leaving the hospital, I’m glad that the lee had personal time for closure at their own house because she didn’t die yet. I refuse to get into the â€Å"who was more right†. 14th chapter reflections: Another chapter on their Hmong history; This chapter details the issues they had with adjusting to American life and how no one wanted to be on welfare. No comments on my part.. Besides I didn’t enjoy this section lol. 15h chapter reflections: This chapter picked me up, made me sad and made me smile all at the same time. Reading through this made me think how differently her life could have been if everyone around her were open-minded when she first entered the hospital for treatment. Her current condition is considered a â€Å"persistent vegetative state† but how her parents treated her has not changed. This chapter showed that she is highly still loved and cared for even though she is not aware of anything. But she had a lot of potential to be a much healthier child if both cultures (American Hmong) would have been willing to accept each other†¦ her health decisions got lost in their hardheadedness! 16h chapter reflections: This chapter discuses history again but focuses on how the Hmong people ended up living in Merced; I’m not shocked that they created their own community here and cling to each other because I would of done the same thing if I was displaced. 17h chapter reflections: This chapter refocused Lia’s case and talked about how much could have been done differently to change her outcome and I agree. I ashamed of the hospital staff that believed that the lees should be grateful because they allowed them $200,000 of free medical cost( that should never be on a person mind when you talking about saving someone’s life) and I wish the parents would of learned how to be more open after their child’s health issue†¦ I see that people STILL want to place blame on Lia’s condition instead of accepting the fact that everyone placed a role in creating her current health state. 18h chapter reflections: This chapter shared a lot of my own opinions about Lia’s case. I do understand that some cultural difference will never be resolved because of the history of mistreatment that has occurred within that person’s culture. Our race issues in American is no difference, some people will always see things and their interactions with people as a â€Å"race† problem and nothing more. However, if you work in a hospital helping other people, you need to be able to look beyond that, not take things personally, not judgmental, and be open to learn about the different people that enters the doors for help. 19h chapter reflections: This chapter showed that despite Lia’s current condition, her family still believes that she will change and become a full functioning child again once her soul returns. Finishing this chapter, and reading the author notes throughout the book, I now see that Anne Fadiman started the story sort of believing that the doctors at Merced done everything they could to help Lia. However towards the end I felt that the author wanted people to understand the lee family and their hardship with adjusting to living in America and dealing with our health care system.